The paper concludes that noteworthy changes in the international nuclear non-proliferation regime are hardly expected. Being useful for legal formalization of the non-nuclear weapon status of a state giving up nuclear military program and for further monitoring of related obligations, the NPT and non-proliferation regime overall can’t stop a development of nuclear weapons if a state decides to do so. In turn, the prospects of nuclear proliferation (or non-proliferation) depend on peculiarities of the strategic situation in a particular region and its evolution.