France has established itself as a leading country in the field of nuclear energy production. It is today the world’s second-largest nuclear power producer and has taken several initiatives that aim to consolidate this leadership long into the future, specifically in Europe. However, a changing context that leads some European countries to move away from nuclear energy production, as well as other challenges, raise a number of uncertainties. How do these challenges and uncertainties influence France’s desire to continue bringing forward its leadership in nuclear energy production?