ADDITIONAL INFOGRAPHICS FOR CHAPTER 13

“IN THE RHYTHM OF HIGH-TECH”: DEVELOPMENT OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES IN AFRICA AND THE ROLE OF RUSSIA

**Map 22. AI Strategies in Africa (as of September, 2025)**
Compiled by PIR Center based on open sources

**Map 23. Number of FinTech Startups in Africa (as of October, 2025)**
Compiled by PIR Center based on open sources

**Map 24.** **Pan African University on Space Sciences**
Source: Space Africa (https://spaceinafrica.com/2023/10/25/updates-on-the-african-space-agency)

Country	Space Agency Operational Level	Operates Satellites	Can conduct launches	Can send probes	Conducts Human Spaceflights	Operates Space Station	Has landed Human on the Moon
the USA	7	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
China	6	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Russia	6	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
India	4	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
Pakistan	4	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No
Japan	4	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
Brazil	3	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Iran	3	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
the UK	3	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
France	3	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Italy	3	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
South Korea	3	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No
Argentina	3	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Canada	3	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Ukraine	3	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Poland	3	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Australia	3	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
the UAE	3	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No
Sweden	3	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Israel	3	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
New Zealand	3	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Indonesia	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Nigeria	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Bangladesh	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Ethiopia	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Mexico	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Egypt	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Philippines	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Vietnam	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Türkiye	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Germany	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Thailand	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
South Africa	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Kenya	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Colombia	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Spain	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Algeria	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Angola	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Morocco	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Malaysia	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Ghana	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Peru	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Saudi Arabia	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Venezuela	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
North Korea	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Kazakhstan	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Chile	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Romania	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Netherlands	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Rwanda	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Tunisia	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Azerbaijan	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Greece	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Hungary	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Austria	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Switzerland	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Turkmenistan	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Paraguay	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Bulgaria	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Denmark	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Singapore	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Norway	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Mongolia	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Lithuania	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Bahrain	2	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Uzbekistan	1	No	No	No	No	No	No
Syria	1	No	No	No	No	No	No
Bolivia	1	No	No	No	No	No	No
Belgium	1	No	No	No	No	No	No
Portugal	1	No	No	No	No	No	No
Belarus	1	No	No	No	No	No	No
El Salvador	1	No	No	No	No	No	No
Costa Rica	1	No	No	No	No	No	No
Luxembourg	1	No	No	No	No	No	No

Table 18. Space Capabilities by country (including Space Agency Operational Levels), as of 2025
Based on: World Population Review (https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-space-programs)

NOTE: Operational Level indicates an agency’s maximum capability:

Countries focused on ground-based space activities are level 1.

Countries that can also operate satellites are level 2.

Countries that can also conduct launches are level 3.

Countries that can also send probes further into space or other celestial bodies are level 4.

Countries that can also send humans into space are level 5.

Countries that can also operate a space station are level 6.

Countries that have landed humans on the moon are level 7. As of 2025, the United States (NASA) was the only level 7 countr