Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Russia, RAS academician. One of Russia’s leading specialists on Asia, a major scholar in the sphere of international economics and international relations, with a particular focus on Russian foreign policy issues; the study of international conflict and crisis theory and practice; research on the processes of world civilizations and global problems; and the socioeconomic and political problems of developing countries. Born in 1929 in Kiev. Graduated from the Arabic division of the Moscow Institute of the Orient in 1953, and completed graduate studies at the Economic Department of Moscow State University in 1956. A Doctor of Economics, and a RAS Academician since 1979. In 1956-1962, he worked as a correspondent for Soviet state radio and television (Gosteleradio), as an associate editor, deputy editor-in-chief, and editor-in-chief of the Main Directorate for Radio Broadcasts to Foreign Countries. In 1966-1970, he was the Pravda correspondent in the Middle East and deputy editor for the Asia and Africa division. In 1970-1977, he served as deputy director of the Institute of World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO) of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. In 1977-1985, he headed the Soviet Academy of Sciences Oriental Institute, and from 1979 he was also a professor at the Diplomatic Academy. In 1985-1989, he served as IMEMO director. In 1991-1996, he directed the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service. In 1996-1998, he was Russian Minister for Foreign Affairs. From September 11, 1998, to May 12, 1999, he headed the Russian Government. Deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the III convocation (2000-2001).
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