№ 56, 2024. The Security Index (in Russian) came out with the new report «Prospects for Cooperation Between Russia and the Persian Gulf States in the Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy» by Sviatoslav Arov

MOSCOW. DECEMBER 16, 2024. PIR PRESS. The Security Index (in Russian) came out with the new report «Prospects for Cooperation Between Russia and the Persian Gulf States in the Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy» by Sviatoslav Arov.

The energy sector remains a priority area for cooperation between Russia and foreign countries. Russia was pivotal in constructing the Middle East’s first nuclear power plant in Iran, while the UAE became the first Arab country to host such a facility. The Persian Gulf countries’ interest in nuclear energy stems not only from their aim to enhance their global standing but also from addressing water desalination challenges, diversifying their economies, and achieving “net zero” goals. With extensive experience in nuclear projects and strong ties with regional states, Russia could play a significant role in this area.

Key findings:

• The Persian Gulf states account for a significant share of global electricity demand growth due to their rapid economic expansion and development.
• The depletion of hydrocarbon reserves in the Persian Gulf states is accelerating, prompting them to explore alternative energy sources.
• The construction of nuclear power plants could help address the water desalination needs of these nations.
• The most promising prospects for cooperation in the peaceful use of nuclear energy for Russia are with Iran. Tehran is currently building two nuclear power plants independently, but the country will likely need external assistance. Iran does not manufacture reactor vessels, automated process control systems, or turbines, and it is more economically feasible for the country to purchase nuclear fuel rather than produce it domestically.
• Iraq also presents significant opportunities for nuclear power plant construction. However, the country’s internal socio-political instability complicates the prospects for practical cooperation.
• A key factor potentially hindering the strengthening of Russia’s dialogue with the Persian Gulf states in the peaceful use of nuclear energy is their close ties with the United States.

The report has been prepared within the framework of the «Global Security, Strategic Stability, and Arms Control» Project under the auspices of the «Priority-2030» Strategic Academic Leadership Program.

Key words: Atomic Energy; Peaceful Atom; Persian Gulf

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F4/SOR – 24/12/16