Annex 2. Maps - PIR Center

Map 6. Russia-China Energy Cooperation (2023).

Source: Valdai Discussion Club
(https://valdaiclub.com/multimedia/infographics/russian-chinese-cooperation/)

Map 7. Major Hotbeds of Tension in the Middle East (2024).

Source: Sputnik based on open sources
(https://sputnikglobe.com/20240116/oil-power-and-conflict-strategic-hotspots-across-the-middle-east-1116202756.html)

Map 8. International North-South Transport Corridor (2023).

Source: Valdai Discussion Club
(https://valdaiclub.com/multimedia/infographics/international-north-south-transport-corridor-/)

Map 9. Vladimir Putin’s Contacts with African Heads of State and Governments in 2023 (2023).

Sources: Compiled by PIR Center based on the Official Website of the Russian President (Sviridov, Vsevolod Yu.)

Source: Official Website of the Russian President (http://en.kremlin.ru/)

Map 10. NATO Expansion in Europe (By Year) (2024).

Source: PIR Center. Compiled by PIR Center based on open sources (Kortunov, Andrey V.)