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Main Infographics on the Sahel Countries

Infographics on the Sahel Countries

Zubenko, Alexandra S.

Uranium Mining and Production in the Region

Uranium extraction in Niger, prepared by the author based on data from the World Nuclear Association (WNA)
Arlit uranium deposit, channel composition 12-8-2, June 2023
Arlit uranium deposit, channel composition 12-8-2, June 2025
Major uranium deposit areas in the Sahel countries, Libya, and CAR

Major military bases of Western countries and their status

CountryCity/RegionCountry Owning BaseStatus (2025)Description / Purpose
NigerAgadezUSAClosedMajor drone and aviation base; intelligence and operations hub
NigerNiameyFrance, USAClosedFrench and American air base; regional operations support
ChadN’DjamenaFranceClosedMain headquarters of French forces in the Sahel; air base
MaliGaoFranceClosedBase for Operation Barkhane; support for Malian army
Burkina FasoOuagadougouFranceClosedSpecial forces base and logistics hub
LibyaMisrata, TripoliUSA, ItalyLimited presenceUsed for operations against ISIS, intelligence, and local training
SudanPort Sudan, KhartoumUSA, UKClosed / minimal presenceUsed for logistics and intelligence; most facilities shut down after 2021
Central African RepublicBanguiFranceClosedFrench base withdrawn after 2017; limited UN and EU missions remain

Global Terrorism Index, 2024

10 terrorist groups with the highest number of casualties (2023), GTI 2024

RankGroup201820192020202120222023Change 2022–2023 (%)+/-
1Hamas*1021212081549+19,263%▲
2ISIS–DRC (ADF)*2823411422162616031520-5%▼
3Al-Shabaab*208614091393104013421114-17%▼
4Jama’at Nasr al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM)*1062383355605571102+98%▲
5ISIS–West Africa*11493199210045751003+74%▲
6ISIS (core)*35471460137112401329944-29%▼
7Boko Haram*131113851286747586878+50%▲
8Houthi extremists (Ansar Allah)27897151773325420326-22%▼
9Levant Liberation Organization*30493043349139288+107%▲
10ISIS in the Greater Sahara*7930221138878279-68%▼

* – Recognised as terrorist organisations in Russia

Armed terrorist groups and territories under their control. Based on: New EU strategic priorities for the Sahel. Addressing regional challenges through better governance. Briefing, July 2021. URL: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2021/696161/EPRS_BRI(2021)696161_EN.pdf

GDP of the Sahel countries 2015-2023

GDP of Sahel Countries, 2015-2023
Source: GDP growth (annual %) – Niger, Mali, Mauritania, Chad, Burkina Faso. World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?end=2023&locations=NE-ML-MR-TD-BF&name_desc=false&start=2015

Inflation in the Sahel countries 2015-2023

Source: Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) – Niger, Mali, Mauritania, Chad, Burkina Faso, International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files. URL: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG?end=2023&locations=NE-ML-MR-TD-BF&name_desc=false&start=2015  

Investment Risks in the Sahel Countries, World Bank. Political stability (red) and Government efficiency (orange)

Source: World Bank. URL: https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/worldwide-governance-indicators/interactive-data-access

Investment Risks in the Sahel Countries, World Bank. Rule of Law (green) and Corruption (blue)

Source: World Bank. URL: https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/worldwide-governance-indicators/interactive-data-access

Logistical infrastructure

Autoroutes from Arlit (Niger) to Cotonou (Benin)
Major ports for maritime transport from the Sahel countries

Social and Demographic Challenges of the Region

Internally displaced persons in the Sahel (million people).
Source: Situation Sahel Crisis [Electronic resource]. UNHCR. URL: https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/sahelcrisis
Outlook of population growth 2025-2100 (CAR, Niger, Mali, Chad, Burkina Faso, Sudan, Mauritania, Libya).
Compiled based on the 2024 Revision of World Population Prospects, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. URL: https://population.un.org/wpp/
Infant mortality rate per 1000 births ( Niger, Mali, Burkina Faso, Chad , Mauritania) 2010 -2024

States participation in global nuclear nonproliferation regime

CountryNPT (signed)NPT (ratified)Comprehensive IAEA Safeguards AgreementAdditional ProtocolPelindaba Treaty (signed)Pelindaba Treaty (ratified)TPNW (signed)TPNW (ratified)
Burkina Faso+++++++–
Libya+++++++–
Mauritania++++++––
Mali++++++––
Niger+++++++–
Sudan+++–+–+–
Chad++++++––
Central African Republic+++++–+–

SAH

E16/SHAH – 25/10/20